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uk - foundational history
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<img src="/icons/flag_yellow.svg" alt="/icons/flag_yellow.svg" width="40px" /> uk - foundational history
historical overview
prehistoric and ancient Britain
- Paleolithic and Mesolithic Periods: Early human presence in Britain.
- Neolithic Period: Introduction of agriculture and construction of monuments like Stonehenge.
- Bronze Age: Development of metalworking and establishment of trade networks.
- Iron Age: Emergence of Celtic tribes and hillforts.
Roman Britain (43 - 410 AD)
- Roman conquest led by Emperor Claudius in 43 AD.
- Construction of roads, towns, and Hadrian's Wall.
- Romanization of Britain's culture and administration.
Anglo-Saxon and Viking period (5th - 11th centuries) (401 - 1100 AD)
- Arrival of Germanic tribes, primarily Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.
- Viking raids and invasions from the 8th century.
- Formation of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and eventual unification under Wessex.
medieval England (11th - 15th centuries) (1001 - 1500)
- Norman Conquest (1066) by William the Conqueror.
- Establishment of feudalism and centralized monarchy.
- Magna Carta (1215) limiting the king's power.
- Hundred Years' War with France (1337 - 1453).
early modern England (16th - 18th centuries) (1501 - 1800)
- Tudor dynasty (1485 - 1603): Reformation, Elizabethan era, and English Renaissance.
- Stuart dynasty (1603 - 1714): Civil War, Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell, and Restoration.
- Act of Union (1707) with Scotland, creating the Kingdom of Great Britain.
British empire (18th - 20th centuries) (1701 - 2000)
- Colonial expansion, including the Americas, India, Africa, and Asia.
- Industrial Revolution (18th - 19th centuries) leading to economic and social transformation.
- Victorian era (1837 - 1901) marked by prosperity, social reforms, and imperial expansion.
- World Wars I and II (1914 - 1918, 1939 - 1945) and decline of the empire.
post-war Britain (20th - 21st centuries) (1901 - )
- Welfare state reforms and nationalization after World War II.
- Decolonization and transition to a Commonwealth of Nations.
- European integration, including entry into the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1973.
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